LL-37
LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, derived from the C-terminus of the precursor protein hCAP18 by serine protease cleavage. It has been studied for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, immunomodulatory properties, and roles in wound healing. Research indicates it modulates NF-kB signaling, promotes angiogenesis at wound sites, and plays a role in gut mucosal immunity.
Onset and duration vary by individual; see the mechanism and half-life above.
Store the lyophilized powder refrigerated (2 to 8 C), or frozen for long-term storage, protected from light. After reconstitution with bacteriostatic water, keep refrigerated and use within about 4 weeks.
Clinical Evidence
What the literature says
Scientific Overview
Sole human cathelicidin. Investigated for SIBO, chronic Lyme, and biofilm-forming infections; cytotoxic at high concentrations.
Pharmacokinetics
- Half-life (t½)
- 1.0 h
- Approximate plasma half-life
- Routes
- Subcutaneous
Citations (7)
- LL-37: Biological Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Applications in Intestinal DiseasePubMed 2026
- LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptidesPubMed
- The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Potential Treatment for Polymicrobial Infected WoundsPubMed
- The role of salivary histatin and the human cathelicidin LL-37 in wound healing and innate immunityPubMed
- LL-37: Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide with pleiotropic activityPubMed
- Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin diseasePubMed
- The Critical Role of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37/ CRAMP in Protection of Colon Microbiota Balance, Mucosal Homeostasis, Anti-Inflammatory Responses, and Resistance to CarcinogenesisPubMed
Last reviewed: 2026-05-09
Research Guide
How users approach this compound
The following reflects patterns observed in research literature and community protocols. This is not medical advice and does not constitute a clinical recommendation.
Typical Dose Range Observed
Research Protocols
Common DosagesAntimicrobial Cycle
“Cycle 2–4 weeks”
Dosages listed are common research protocols found in peer-reviewed literature and clinical trials. Individual results and requirements may vary significantly in a research context.
Reported Uses
- Studied for antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses in vitro
- Investigated for wound healing and skin barrier modulation in preclinical models
- Explored for intestinal disease and gut mucosal immunity applications
Key Research Benefits
- Broad antimicrobial
- Biofilm disruption
- Immune modulation
Potential Side Effects
Considerations and Cautions
- Potential pro-inflammatory effects at high systemic doses
- Very limited controlled human safety data
Labs to monitor
Educational context only, not a testing mandate. Any bloodwork decisions belong with your clinician.
- No validated compound-specific markers: No standard bloodwork is established for this compound; general safety labs (CBC, comprehensive metabolic panel) are reasonable if used under medical supervision.
Dose Calculator
Peptide Reconstitution Calculator
Total amount of peptide in the vial.
Volume of water used to mix.
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or 0.08 mL on a U-100 syringe
Related Tools
Not medical advice
Information on DoseVault is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified healthcare provider.