SS-31
SS-31 (Elamipretide / MTP-131) is a cell-permeable aromatic-cationic tetrapeptide that selectively targets the inner mitochondrial membrane via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with cardiolipin. It has been studied for its ability to stabilize cristae structure, reduce mitochondrial superoxide production, and restore ATP synthesis in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury and neurodegenerative disease.
No acute perceptible effect; intended for long-term cellular outcomes rather than immediate changes.
Store the lyophilized powder refrigerated (2 to 8 C), or frozen for long-term storage, protected from light. After reconstitution with bacteriostatic water, keep refrigerated and use within about 4 weeks.
Clinical Evidence
What the literature says
Scientific Overview
A small cell-permeable peptide that targets the inner mitochondrial membrane, optimizing mitochondrial efficiency.
Pharmacokinetics
- Half-life (t½)
- 2.0 h
- Approximate plasma half-life
- Routes
- SubcutaneousIntravenous
t½ 4 h · ~3% remaining at 20 h
Citations (5)
- Elamipretide (SS-31) promotes recovery by preserving mitochondrial bioenergetics and neural remodeling after spinal cord injuryPubMed 2026
- The mitochondrial-targeted compound SS-31 re-energizes ischemic mitochondria by interacting with cardiolipinPubMed
- Mitochondrial protein interaction landscape of SS-31PubMed
- The mitochondrially targeted peptide elamipretide (SS-31) improves ADP sensitivity in aged mitochondria by increasing uptake through the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT)PubMed
- Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic PotentialReview
Last reviewed: 2026-05-09
Research Guide
How users approach this compound
The following reflects patterns observed in research literature and community protocols. This is not medical advice and does not constitute a clinical recommendation.
Typical Dose Range Observed
Research Protocols
Common DosagesCellular Energy
“Typically used for 4-12 week cycles”
Dosages listed are common research protocols found in peer-reviewed literature and clinical trials. Individual results and requirements may vary significantly in a research context.
Reported Uses
- Studied for mitochondrial bioenergetics support in models of heart failure and ischemia
- Investigated for neuroprotection in spinal cord injury and neurological disease research
- Explored as a potential therapeutic target for sarcopenia and age-related mitochondrial dysfunction
Key Research Benefits
- Mitochondrial repair
- Increases cellular energy
- Reduces oxidative stress
- Improves endurance
Potential Side Effects
Considerations and Cautions
- Limited human data outside of early-phase clinical trials
- IV formulations require medical supervision
Labs to monitor
Educational context only, not a testing mandate. Any bloodwork decisions belong with your clinician.
- No validated compound-specific markers: No standard bloodwork is established for this compound; general safety labs (CBC, comprehensive metabolic panel) are reasonable if used under medical supervision.
Dose Calculator
Peptide Reconstitution Calculator
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Quick Explainer
SS-31 by goal
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Not medical advice
Information on DoseVault is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from a qualified healthcare provider.