Mitochondria
Cellular energy organelle
Mitochondria are the double-membrane organelles responsible for the bulk of cellular ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation, plus a long list of secondary roles: calcium buffering, apoptosis initiation, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, and several biosynthetic pathways.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the recognized hallmarks of aging. Declines in membrane potential, mtDNA integrity, and electron-transport-chain efficiency accumulate with age and contribute to the broader phenotypes of frailty, sarcopenia, and metabolic disease.
Two peptides in current research are directly mitochondrially targeted: SS-31 (elamipretide) localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and stabilizes cardiolipin to protect ETC function, and MOTS-c is a mitochondrially-encoded peptide that signals to the nucleus and modulates AMPK and metabolic homeostasis.
Used in 4 research peptides
- LongevitySS-31Targets mitochondria for energy surges, endurance, and anti-aging cellular repair.
- LongevityMOTS-cMitochondrial-derived peptide that improves insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity.
- LongevityHumaninMitochondrial-derived peptide that protects against amyloid-beta and metabolic stress.
- PerformanceSLU-PP-332Investigational small-molecule ERR (estrogen-related receptor) agonist studied preclinically as an exercise mimetic. Mouse data only; no human studies. Educational use only.
See also
Educational use only
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