Glossary
NAD
Molecule required for cellular energy reactions
NAD is a molecule present in all living cells that carries electrons during energy-producing reactions inside mitochondria. Levels of NAD decline with age in many tissues, which has led to research interest in ways to support its availability. NNMT is one enzyme studied because its activity can reduce the amount of NAD precursors available to cells.
Used in 9 research peptides
- Metabolic5-Amino-1MQSmall-molecule NNMT inhibitor that boosts NAD+ and white-fat mobilization.
- PerformanceGonadorelinSynthetic decapeptide identical to endogenous GnRH that stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH; used diagnostically and, off-label, to support the gonadal axis during testosterone therapy.
- PerformanceHCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)Glycoprotein hormone with LH-mimetic activity that stimulates gonadal steroidogenesis; FDA-approved for cryptorchidism, select male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and ovulation induction.
- TRTTestosterone CypionateTestosterone cypionate is a long-acting oil-soluble ester of the endogenous androgen testosterone, administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. It is FDA-approved for testosterone replacement therapy in adult males diagnosed with primary or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
- TRTTestosterone EnanthateTestosterone enanthate is a long-acting ester of testosterone administered by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. It is FDA-approved for testosterone replacement therapy in adult males with primary or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
- TRTTestosterone PropionateTestosterone propionate is a short-acting ester of testosterone administered by intramuscular injection. It is an approved androgen ester used for testosterone replacement; its short half-life requires more frequent administration compared to longer esters.
- TRTTestosterone UndecanoateTestosterone undecanoate (Aveed) is a very long-acting ester of testosterone administered by deep intramuscular injection. FDA-approved for replacement therapy in adult males with primary or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; the injectable formulation carries a boxed warning for pulmonary oil microembolism (POME) and anaphylaxis.
- TRTEnclomipheneEnclomiphene is the trans-isomer of clomiphene and a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It has been investigated for secondary hypogonadism but has not received FDA approval; it may be available through compounding pharmacies in some jurisdictions.
- TRTTamoxifenTamoxifen (Nolvadex) is a nonsteroidal SERM and the primary approved endocrine therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Its use in males during or after testosterone therapy to manage gynecomastia or restore the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is off-label.
See also
Educational use only
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